5 Dalilan da ke haifar da gazawar ɗaukar ciki da kuma yadda ake hana su

Me yasa Rashin Haihuwa Yana da Muhimmanci

Bearings na masana'antuabubuwa ne da aka ƙera daidai gwargwado don sauƙaƙe motsi na juyawa yayin da ake rage gogayya da kuma sarrafa takamaiman ƙarfin kaya. A ƙarƙashin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje masu kyau, bearing na abubuwa masu birgima zai yi aiki har sai ya kai ga tsawon lokacin gajiyar L10 - ma'aunin ƙididdiga wanda ke nuna cewa kashi 90% na yawan bearing zai tsira daga takamaiman adadin juyin juya hali kafin gajiyar ƙarfe ta faru. Ga aikace-aikacen masana'antu da yawa, wannan rayuwar L10 an ƙididdige ta fiye da sa'o'i 100,000 na aiki akai-akai.

Duk da haka, bayanan masana'antu na gwaji sun nuna cewa ƙasa da kashi 10% na bearings a zahiri suna isa ga iyakar gajiyar da aka ƙera. Yawancinsu suna fuskantar gazawar da wuri wanda canje-canje na aiki na waje, muhalli, ko na inji ke haifarwa. Fahimtar hanyoyin waɗannan gazawar yana da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin masana'antu waɗanda ke neman inganta amincin kadarori da haɓaka lokacin aiki.

Ma'anar da alamun gargaɗi da wuri

Ana bayyana gazawar bearing a matsayin wurin da bearing ba zai iya yin aikinsa da ake buƙata ba a cikin takamaiman sigogin aiki, wanda yawanci yakan bayyana a matsayin lalacewar abu a kan hanyoyin tsere ko abubuwan birgima. Ci gaban zuwa gazawar aiki ba kasafai yake faruwa nan take ba; yana bin lanƙwasa lalacewa da ake iya faɗi wanda aka sani da tazara ta PF (Potential to Functional failure). Gano farkon abubuwan da ke faruwa a kan wannan lanƙwasa yana bawa ƙungiyoyin kulawa damar shiga tsakani kafin mummunan lalacewa ta faru.

Ana iya ƙididdige alamun gargaɗi na farko ta amfani da fasahar sa ido kan yanayi. Matakan farko na gajiya a ƙarƙashin ƙasa suna haifar da hayakin sauti mai yawan gaske, wanda galibi ana iya gano shi a cikin kewayon ultrasonic na 20 kHz zuwa 100 kHz, tun kafin a ga duk wani lahani na zahiri. Yayin da ƙananan fasa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ke yaɗuwa zuwa saman kuma suna haifar da ƙananan fashewa, bearing ɗin zai nuna ƙaruwar saurin girgiza. Misali, injin da ke aiki cikin sauƙi a 1.5 mm/s RMS na iya haɓaka a hankali, daga ƙarshe ya karya iyakar ƙararrawa ta ISO 10816 na 4.5 mm/s RMS don tushe mai tauri. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaruwar gogayya ta gida zai haifar da ƙaruwar zafi, sau da yawa yana tura yanayin zafi na bearing fiye da daidaitaccen tushe na 60°C zuwa 80°C.

Tasiri kan aminci, aminci, da farashi

Sakamakon gazawar bearing ba tare da wani jinkiri ba ya wuce farashin siyan wani abu da za a maye gurbinsa. A cikin masana'antun sarrafawa masu ci gaba, kamar tace mai, barewa da takarda, ko samar da wutar lantarki, babban tasirin kuɗi yana faruwa ne sakamakon lokacin hutun da ba a tsara ba. Kama bearing guda ɗaya mai hatsari a kan hanya mai mahimmanci na iya dakatar da layin samarwa gaba ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da asarar farashin samarwa daga $10,000 zuwa sama da $100,000 a kowace awa, ya danganta da girman fitarwar cibiyar.

Bugu da ƙari, lalacewar bearing mai tsanani yana haifar da mummunan haɗari ga aminci da kayan aiki na biyu. Bearing da aka kama zai iya haifar da yanke shaft, lalata haɗin gwiwa, da kuma lalacewar haɗin gwiwa ga akwatunan gearbox masu tsada ko stators na motocin lantarki. A cikin aikace-aikacen sauri, tsananin gogayya da aka samu yayin babban gazawa na iya ɗaga yanayin zafi fiye da wurin walƙiya na man shafawa, yana haifar da mummunan haɗarin gobara.

Sanadin Rashin Haihuwa

Duk da cewa gajiyar kayan aiki ce ke tafiyar da iyakar tsawon rayuwar beyar, nazarin gazawar duniya ta zahiri ya nuna cewa abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa na waje su ne manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan. Daidaito tsakanin rayuwar beyar, kamar ma'aunin ISO 281, sun dogara ne akan zato na yanayin aiki mai kyau. Lokacin da waɗannan yanayi suka lalace, ainihin rayuwar aiki tana raguwa sosai.

Nazarin ingancin masana'antu ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 80% na duk gazawar ɗaukar nauyin da wuri yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da rashin isasshen man shafawa ko rashin dacewa da man shafawa. Sauran kashi 20% galibi suna yaɗuwa ne tsakanin gurɓatawa, dabarun hawa da ba daidai ba, da kuma ɗaukar nauyin injina. Magance waɗannan tushen abubuwan yana buƙatar fahimtar zurfin matakan tribological da na inji na bearings masu birgima.

Rashin man shafawa da gurɓatawa

Lalacewar man shafawaYana faruwa ne lokacin da fim ɗin mai na elastohydrodynamic (EHD), wanda ke raba abubuwan da ke birgima daga hanyoyin tsere, ya lalace. Wannan fim ɗin yana da sirara sosai—sau da yawa tsakanin micromita 0.1 da 1.0—duk da haka dole ne ya jure matsin lamba na taɓawa da ya wuce 1,000 MPa (145,000 psi). Idan ɗanɗanon mai ya yi ƙasa da zafin aiki, ko kuma idan man bai yi yawa ba, taɓawar ƙarfe zuwa ƙarfe na faruwa, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa da shafawa. Akasin haka, ramuka masu shafawa fiye da kashi 30% zuwa 50% na girman su na kyauta suna haifar da mummunan girgiza, wanda zai iya haifar da yanayin aiki da sauri sama da 100°C, yana hanzarta iskar shaka mai da kuma lalata kauri mai.

Gurɓatawa tana aiki a matsayin wani abu mai gogewa a cikin ramin ɗaukar kaya. Ana auna gurɓatar ƙwayoyin cuta mai ƙarfi ta amfani da lambar tsabta ta ISO 4406. Yin amfani da tsarin mai na ruwa ko mai zagayawa a matakin gurɓatawa mai yawa, kamar ISO 21/18/15, yana tilasta ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa yankin kaya, yana ƙirƙirar abubuwan tayar da damuwa na gida da kuma lalata hanyoyin tsere. Rage matakin tsafta zuwa ƙa'ida mai ƙarfi, kamar ISO 16/14/11, na iya tsawaita rayuwar ɗaukar kaya sosai. Gurɓatar ruwa yana da illa iri ɗaya; kasancewar ruwan da aka narkar da shi kashi 0.002% (20 ppm) kawai a cikin mai zai iya rage tsawon lokacin gajiyar L10 har zuwa kashi 48% saboda gurɓatar hydrogen na ƙarfen ɗaukar kaya.

Daidaito ba daidai ba, yawan aiki da yawa, da kuma rashin dacewa

Bambancin injina daga sigogin ƙira masu kyau na bearings zuwa ƙarfin da ba a ƙera su don jurewa ba. Daidaito tsakanin shaft da gida shine yawan abin da ke haifar da lodin gefen. Lokacin da kuskuren kusurwa ya wuce iyakar da aka yarda da bearings - sau da yawa yana da ƙarfi kamar 0.001 radians (milliradian 1) donbearings na ƙwallon zurfin tsagi— nauyin yana kan gefunan na'urorin juyawa da hanyoyin tsere. Wannan yawan damuwa da aka samu a wurin ya wuce ƙarfin kayan, wanda ke haifar da fashewa da karyewar keji.

Loda fiye da kima, ko a tsaye ko kuma a tsaye, yana hanzarta gazawar gajiya. Dangane da lissafin rayuwar bearing (L10 = (C/P)^p, inda C shine ƙimar nauyin dynamic, P shine daidai da nauyin bearing mai ƙarfi, kuma p shine ma'aunin nau'in bearing), rayuwa tana daidai da kubiyar nauyin bearing ɗin ƙwallon. Ƙara kashi 20% kawai a cikin nauyin da aka yi amfani da shi (P) yana rage tsawon rayuwar bearing da kusan 50%. Rashin dacewa yana ƙara ta'azzara waɗannan matsalolin. Daidaiton shaft wanda ya yi matsewa sosai zai faɗaɗa zoben ciki a hankali, yana kawar da mahimmin sharewa na ciki kuma yana haifar da guduwar zafi. Daidaiton da ya yi sako-sako zai haifar da zoben ciki yana rarrafe ko juyawa akan shaft, yana haifar da tsatsa da lalacewa mai tsanani.

Kurakuran shigarwa da sarrafawa

Kuskuren ɗan adam a lokacin shigarwa yana lalata tsarin sabon bearing nan take. Kuskuren sarrafawa mafi yawan shine amfani da ƙarfin tasiri kai tsaye zuwa zoben bearing. Buga bearing da guduma na ƙarfe, ko amfani da ƙarfin hawa ta cikin abubuwan birgima (misali, danna zoben waje don shigar da bearing akan shaft), yana haifar da brinelling na gaske. Wannan yana bayyana azaman nakasar filastik na dindindin a cikin hanyoyin tsere, wanda aka tanada daidai da matakin abubuwan birgima, yana lalata bearing ɗin har abada kafin ya taɓa juyawa.

Hanyoyin dumama marasa kyau suma suna haifar da lalacewa mara misaltuwa. Duk da cewa faɗaɗa zafi hanya ce ta yau da kullun don ɗora bearings masu dacewa da tsangwama, amfani da tushen zafi mara tsari kamar tocilar oxy-acetylene yana haifar da matsanancin yanayin zafi na gida. Dumama ƙarfe mai ɗaukar nauyi (misali, AISI 52100) fiye da 120°C (248°F) yana canza tsarin ƙarfensa. Austenite da aka riƙe yana canzawa zuwa martensite, yana haifar da rashin daidaiton girma da asarar tauri na dindindin, wanda ke lalata ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na bearing sosai.

Man shafawa da kuma kula da gurɓatawa

Ingantaccen man shafawa da kuma sarrafa gurɓatawa sune tushen kowace dabarar aminci ta ɗaukar kaya. Babban maƙasudin shine a kiyaye takamaiman yanayin tribological: rabon Lambda. Wannan rabon yana kwatanta kauri na fim ɗin man shafawa na elastohydrodynamic da ƙaiƙayin saman da ke tattare da hanyoyin ɗaukar kaya da abubuwan birgima.

Rabon Lambda ƙasa da 1 yana nuna man shafawa mai iyaka tare da yawan hulɗar ƙarfe da ƙarfe, yayin da rabon da ya fi 2 yana nufin rabuwar cikakken fim ɗin ruwa, inda ake ƙara tsawon lokacin gajiya. Cimma wannan rabon Lambda mafi kyau da kuma kiyaye shi yana buƙatar zaɓar man shafawa daidai, tazara tsakanin aikace-aikacen da aka tsara, da kuma tsauraran cire barbashi da danshi daga cikin abubuwan da ke shiga.

Zaɓar man shafawa da ɗanko mai kyau

Zaɓar man shafawa mai kyau yana buƙatar ƙididdige mafi ƙarancin ɗanɗanon kinematic da ake buƙata a takamaiman zafin aiki na bearing. Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar diamita na bearing (dm) da saurin juyawarsa (RPM). Misali, bearing mai matsakaicin girma wanda ke aiki a 1,500 RPM na iya buƙatar man ISO VG 68 a matsakaicin zafin aiki na 60°C. Duk da haka, idan yanayin muhalli ya tura zafin aiki zuwa 90°C, man zai yi siriri sosai, wanda hakan zai buƙaci canzawa zuwa mafi girman ɗanɗanon tushe, kamar ISO VG 220, don kiyaye kauri fim ɗin da ake buƙata.

Bayan ɗanɗanon mai na tushe, zaɓin tsarin mai kauri da kunshin ƙari yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Don aikace-aikacen nauyi ko ƙarancin sauri inda rabon Lambda ya faɗi ƙasa da 1, ƙarin Anti-Wear (AW) da Extreme Pressure (EP) suna da mahimmanci don samar da yadudduka na sinadarai masu kariya a saman ƙarfe. Lokacin zaɓar mai, matakin daidaito na Cibiyar Man Shafawa ta Ƙasa (NLGI) dole ne ya dace da aikace-aikacen; man shafawa na NLGI 2 shine daidaitaccen tsari ga yawancin injunan lantarki, yayin da za a iya buƙatar NLGI 1 ko 0 mai laushi don tsarin man shafawa na atomatik da ke aiki a cikin yanayin ƙasa da sifili don hana matsalolin famfo.

Saita tazara mai sake shafawa

Sauyawar man shafawa daga man shafawa na mutum, wanda aka dogara da kalanda zuwa tazara mai sabuntawa da aka ƙera alama ce ta shirye-shiryen aminci na ci gaba. Mitar sake shafawa dole ne ta yi la'akari da nau'in ɗaukar kaya, girma, gudu, zafin aiki, da kuma tsananin muhalli. A matsayin ƙa'idar farko, ga kowane ƙaruwar zafin aiki na 15°C a sama da 70°C, ya kamata a rage tazara mai maimaitawa da rabi saboda saurin saurin iskar shaka na man tushe.

Haka kuma yana da mahimmanci a daidaita girman sake shafawa. Wata dabarar masana'antu da aka yarda da ita sosai don ƙididdige adadin sake cikawa daidai ita ce V = D × B × 0.005, inda V shine girman mai a cikin gram, D shine diamita na waje a cikin milimita, kuma B shine jimlar faɗin bearing a cikin milimita. Yin amfani da bindigogin mai na ultrasonic na iya ƙara inganta wannan tsari. Ta hanyar sa ido kan hayakin sauti mai yawan gaske a ainihin lokacin yayin da ake fitar da mai, masu fasaha za su iya daina shafa mai daidai lokacin da kuzarin acoustic ya faɗi zuwa santsi, yana nuna mafi kyawun sake cika fim ba tare da matsi fiye da kima ko hura hatimin shaft ba.

Amfani da hatimin rufewa, tacewa, da kuma wuraren tsaftacewa

Banda gurɓatattun abubuwa na waje sau da yawa ya fi inganci fiye da ƙoƙarin tace su bayan an shigar da su. Zaɓin hatimin gidaje na bearing yana nuna kariya daga muhalli. Hatimin hulɗa (kamar hatimin lebe) yana ba da kariya mai kyau daga shigar ruwa amma ana iyakance su ta hanyar iyakokin saurin saman shaft (yawanci kusan m10 zuwa 15/s) saboda gogayya da samar da zafi. Don aikace-aikacen sauri, ana buƙatar hatimin labyrinth mara hulɗa ko masu raba magnetic bearing. Waɗannan masu raba suna ba da kariya mai ƙimar IP66 ba tare da lalacewa ta jiki ba, suna amfani da ƙarfin centrifugal da hanyoyin ciki masu rikitarwa don fitar da gurɓatattun abubuwa.

A tsarin mai da ke zagayawa, dole ne a aiwatar da matakan tacewa masu tsauri. Yin amfani da matattara masu babban rabo na Beta (misali, Beta > 1000 ga barbashi masu micron 5, ma'ana matatar tana cire kashi 99.9% na barbashi masu micron 5 ko fiye) yana tabbatar da cewa ruwan ya kasance tsarkakakke. Kula da sararin saman ma'ajiyar ruwa tare da na'urorin shaƙatawa masu bushewa suma suna da mahimmanci don hana danshi na yanayi ya taruwa a cikin mai.

Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Daidaitawa, Lodawa, da Shigarwa

Daidaiton injin da ake buƙata don shigar da bearings na masana'antu bai bar ko da sifili ba don fassarar ra'ayi. Ana ƙera bearings zuwa ga daidaiton girma, wanda galibi ana auna shi a cikin microns kawai (dubban milimita). Saboda haka, dole ne a ƙera shafts da gidajen da ke hulɗa da waɗannan bearings kuma a shirya su don ƙarin haƙuri.

Canje-canje a cikin daidaito, rarraba kaya mara kyau, ko hanyoyin shigarwa na ƙarfi mai ƙarfi za su kawar da darajar kayan aiki masu inganci da man shafawa mai inganci nan take. Kafa tsarin shigarwa mai tsari, wanda aka tsara sosai, ya zama dole don hana mace-macen yara a farkon rayuwa a cikin kayan aiki masu juyawa.

Gudanar da shaft, shaft, kayan daki, da kuma sharewa

Alaƙar da ke tsakanin bearing, shaft, da kuma homehouse tana ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin dacewa da sharewa ta ciki. Yawanci ana kera shafts zuwa takamaiman azuzuwan haƙuri na ISO (kamar j5, k5, ko m5) dangane da girman nauyin da kuma ko zoben ciki yana juyawa. Yawanci ana buƙatar daidaita tsangwama ga zoben da ke juyawa don hana rarrafe. Duk da haka, wannan tsangwama tana faɗaɗa zoben ciki a zahiri, tana cinye wani ɓangare na radial interior clearance (RIC).

Dole ne injiniyoyi su ƙayyade madaidaicin izinin farko—kamar C2 (matsewa), Normal, C3 (sassaka), ko C4 (sassaka mai ƙarfi)—don ɗaukar wannan faɗaɗawa. Misali, madaidaicin belin ƙwallon C3 mai zurfin rami mai tsawon mm 50 na iya samun izinin ciki na farko wanda ba a ɗora ba na micromita 15 zuwa 33. Bayan tsangwama ta dace da shaft da faɗaɗa zafi yayin aiki mai ƙarfi, izinin aiki na iya raguwa zuwa yanayin kusan sifili ko ɗan ƙaramin ɗaukar kaya (misali, micromita 2 zuwa 5). Yin kuskuren lissafin wannan faɗaɗa mai ƙarfi da amfani da belin izinin Normal a cikin aikace-aikacen zafi mai yawa zai haifar da yanayin sharewa mara kyau, yana haifar da bala'in ɗaukar kaya na ciki, gogayya mai tsanani, da kuma kamawa cikin sauri.

Amfani da kayan aikin hawa da hanyoyin dumama masu kyau

Dole ne a ware amfani da ƙarfi yayin hawa gaba ɗaya daga abubuwan birgima. Don ƙananan bearings masu hawa sanyi (yawanci ƙasa da ramin mm 50), kayan aikin da aka haɗa na musamman waɗanda ke amfani da zoben tasiri da hannayen riga suna tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da ƙarfi a lokaci guda a kan zoben ciki da na waje, wanda ke hana brinelling. Ga manyan bearings da ke buƙatar daidaiton tsangwama, faɗaɗa zafi ita ce hanyar da aka fi so.

Ma'aunin masana'antu na dumama bearings shine amfani da na'urar dumama bearings mai sarrafa microprocessor. Waɗannan na'urori suna dumama zoben ciki daidai gwargwado yayin da suke sa ido kan zafin jiki don tabbatar da cewa bai wuce maƙasudin zafin 110°C (230°F) ba. Abu mafi mahimmanci, na'urorin dumama bearings na zamani suna cire bearings ta atomatik a ƙarshen zagayowar dumama zuwa ƙasa da 2 A/cm; rashin cire bearings zai sa ya jawo ƙwayoyin lalacewa na ferrous yayin aiki, wanda hakan ke hanzarta lalacewa. Ga manyan na'urori masu girma.bearings masu siffar siffar zobeAna amfani da hanyar da aka ɗora a kan shafts masu kauri, goro na hydraulic da kuma hanyar tuƙi ta axial. Wannan dabarar tana amfani da matsin lamba na hydraulic don tuƙi mai ɗaukar kaya zuwa saman taper, yana rage izinin shiga cikin ta hanyar ma'aunin micrometer daidai don cimma cikakkiyar dacewa da tsangwama.

Sarrafa karfin juyi da lalacewar shigarwa

Daure gidan beyar da kuma ɗaure hanyoyin kullewa yana buƙatar bin ƙa'idodin ƙarfin juyi. Rashin daidaita matse layukan raba gidaje ko murfin ƙarshe na iya ɓata zoben waje na beyar, yana haifar da matsewar da ke matse abubuwan birgima yayin da suke ratsa yankin kaya. Dole ne masu fasaha su yi amfani da makullan ƙarfin juyi da aka daidaita kuma su bi tsarin matsewa na tauraro don tabbatar da ƙarfin matsewa iri ɗaya.

Lalacewar shigarwa ta haɗa da abubuwan da suka faru na ɗaukar nauyi a tsaye yayin da injin ɗin ba ya aiki. Jigilar manyan injina ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa ko babbar mota ba tare da toshe rotor yadda ya kamata ba na iya haifar da tasirin girgiza mai tsanani. Wannan lamari, wanda aka sani da brinelling na ƙarya, yana haifar da alamun lalacewa ta ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a daidai tazara tsakanin abubuwan birgima saboda rashin fim ɗin mai kariya na hydrodynamic yayin girgizar da ba ta canzawa. Don hana wannan, dole ne a toshe rotors masu nauyin tan da yawa a amince, ko kuma dole ne a sanya bearings a ƙarƙashin babban kayan aiki na axial yayin wucewa don hana ƙananan motsi.

Shirin Rigakafin Rashin Nasarar Haihuwa

Canja wurin aiki daga yanayin gaggawa zuwa ga gazawa zuwa dabarun kulawa na annabta (PdM) shine babban kariya daga lokacin hutu da ya shafi bearing. Shirin rigakafin gazawar bearing wanda aka tsara shi ya haɗa da fasahar sa ido kan yanayi, nazarin gazawar mai tsauri, da kuma kula da zagayowar rayuwa bisa bayanai.

Ribar da aka samu daga jarin irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen tana da yawa. Bayanan amincin masana'antu sun nuna cewa aiwatar da cikakken shirin PdM zai iya rage jimlar kuɗin kulawa da kashi 25% zuwa 30%, kawar da har zuwa kashi 75% na lalacewar da ba a zata ba, da kuma tsawaita matsakaicin lokacin da ke tsakanin gazawa (MTBF) na kadarorin da ke juyawa da shekaru.

Bin diddigin girgiza da yanayin zafin jiki

Kulawa ta ci gaba ko bisa hanya ita ce babbar hanyar gano cututtuka a cikin shirin rigakafi. Binciken girgiza, musamman rufewa ko rage yawan mita, yana bawa masu nazari damar ware takamaiman mitar lahani na bearing. Kowane bearing yana da mitar lahani ta musamman bisa ga yanayinsa: Mitar Ball Pass Outer (BPFO), Mitar Ball Pass Inner (BPFI), Mitar Ball Spin (BSF), da Mitar Jirgin Ƙasa ta Asali (FTF). Gano kololuwa a BPFO, misali, yana tabbatar da lahani a kan hanyar tsere ta waje.

Kafa takamaiman iyakokin faɗakarwa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga bayanai masu aiki. Wani aiki na yau da kullun a masana'antu yana sanya ƙararrawar faɗakarwa a ƙaruwa sau 2 fiye da ƙarfin girgizar tushe, wanda ke haifar da sa ido sosai da duba man shafawa. Ana kunna ƙararrawar Laifi ko Aiki a ƙaruwa sau 3 zuwa 4 (misali, tsalle daga 2.0 mm/s zuwa 8.0 mm/s RMS), yana nuna buƙatar tsara maye gurbin nan take. Thermography yana ƙara bayanan girgiza; na'urorin daukar hoto na infrared na yau da kullun na gidajen ɗaukar kaya na iya gano kadarorin da ke aiki a wajen ambulan zafi na injiniya, suna nuna yiwuwar shafa mai fiye da kima, ƙarancin man shafawa, ko matsalolin rashin daidaito kafin lalacewar injina ta faru.

Binciken yanayin lalacewa da kuma dalilin tushen sa

Idan aka cire bearing daga aiki, bai kamata a yi watsi da shi ba a takaice.nazarin gazawar tushen dalilin(RCFA) akan ɓangaren da ya lalace yana da mahimmanci don hana sake faruwar kurakurai. Ma'aunin ISO 15243 yana ba da cikakken tsarin rarrabuwa don ɗaukar lalacewa da yanayin lalacewa, yana raba gazawa zuwa rukuni kamar gajiya, lalacewa, tsatsa, zaizayar wutar lantarki, nakasar filastik, da fashewa.

Duba hanyar yankin kaya a cikin bearing yana ba da mahimman bayanai game da yanayin aikin injin. Hanyar kaya ta al'ada akan bearing mai zurfin rami mai ɗauke da radial yana ɗan ƙasa da digiri 180 a kusa da zoben waje mai tsayawa. Idan binciken ya nuna hanyar kaya wacce ta karkace sosai zuwa gefe ɗaya, yana nuna mummunan kuskuren kusurwa. Idan hanyar kaya ta ƙunshi dukkan digiri 360 na zoben waje, bearing yana aiki a ƙarƙashin babban lodi na ciki ko kuma madaidaicin gida. Binciken microscopic na iya bambanta tsakanin lalacewa mai gogewa (dusar ƙanƙara, saman da suka lalace sakamakon gurɓatar barbashi) da lalacewar manne (smearing da canja wurin ƙarfe wanda rashin isasshen kauri na fim ɗin mai shafawa ya haifar).

Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Ɗauka

• A saka idanu kan girgiza, zafin jiki, duban dan tayi, da kuma yanayin mai don gano lahani a lokacin PF kafin a sami gazawar aiki.
• Yi amfani da tsarin man shafawa mai kyau, yawansa, da kuma sake shafa man shafawa domin matsalolin man shafawa suna ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi sauri wajen lalata abin da ke ɗauke da man da wuri.
• A hana gurɓatawa ta hanyar amfani da hatimin da ya dace, tsaftace wurin da aka ajiye, da kuma adanawa yadda ya kamata domin datti, danshi, da tarkace na iya lalata hanyoyin tsere da abubuwan birgima.
• Bi hanyoyin da suka dace na hawa da kuma hanyoyin daidaita su domin gujewa yin amfani da brinelling, rarraba kaya marasa daidaito, damuwar shaft, da kuma gajiya da wuri.
• Zaɓi bearings bisa ga ainihin kaya, gudu, muhalli, da buƙatun daidaito maimakon girma kawai don inganta rayuwar sabis da aminci.
• Yi la'akari da hauhawar yanayin zafi a gidaje sama da tushen yau da kullun da kuma yanayin girgiza da ke kusantar iyakokin faɗakarwa a matsayin abubuwan da ke haifar da kulawa, ba ƙananan bambance-bambancen aiki ba.

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi

Mene ne mafi yawan dalilan da ke haifar da gazawar ɗaukar kaya?

Abubuwan da suka fi jawo hakan sun haɗa da rashin kyawun man shafawa, gurɓatawa, rashin shigar da shi yadda ya kamata, rashin daidaito, ɗaukar kaya fiye da kima, da kuma zaɓin ɗaukar hoto mara dacewa don amfani.

Ta yaya zan iya sanin idan bearing ɗin ya fara lalacewa?

Alamomin gargaɗi na farko sun haɗa da ƙaruwar girgiza, ƙarar da ba ta dace ba, tarin zafi, canza launin mai, raguwar ingancin injin, da kuma fitar da hayaki mai amfani da ultrasonic kafin a ga alamun lalacewa.

Me yasa bearings da yawa ke kasawa kafin su kai ga matsayin da aka kimanta?

Duk da cewa an ƙera bearings da yawa na tsawon lokacin gajiya na L10, gazawar da wuri yakan faru ne sakamakon yanayin aiki kamar gurɓatawa, yawan lodi, rashin man shafawa mai kyau, ko kurakuran hawa.

Sau nawa ya kamata a shafa mai a kan bearings?

Tazarar man shafawa ya dogara da nau'in ɗaukar kaya, gudu, kaya, zafin jiki, da muhalli. Bi jagorar masana'anta kuma daidaita bisa ga sa ido kan yanayin aiki, nazarin man shafawa, da kuma tsananin aikin.

Shin zaɓin bearing mai kyau zai iya rage haɗarin gazawa?

Eh. Zaɓin nau'in ɗaukar kaya daidai, ƙimar kaya, kayan aiki, sharewa, da ƙirar hatimi yana taimakawa wajen daidaita bearing ɗin zuwa yanayin aiki na gaske kuma yana hana lalacewa da za a iya gujewa da wuri.