Izizathu ezi-5 eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli kokuthwala kunye nendlela yokuzithintela

Kutheni Kubalulekile Ukuthwala Ukusilela

Iibheringi zemizi-mvelisoziinxalenye ezicwangciswe ngokuchanekileyo ezenzelwe ukwenza kube lula ukuhambahamba ngelixa kunciphisa ukungqubana kunye nokuphatha amandla athile omthwalo. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zelebhu, i-rolling element bearing iya kusebenza ide ifikelele kubomi bayo bokudinwa be-L10—i-metric yezibalo ebonisa ukuba i-90% yabemi abanikiweyo be-bearing baya kusinda inani elithile leenguqu ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukudinwa kwesinyithi. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zoshishino, obu bomi be-L10 bubalwa ukuba budlule iiyure zokusebenza eziqhubekayo ze-100,000.

Nangona kunjalo, idatha yeshishini eliyi-empire ityhila ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-10% yeebheringi zifikelela kumda wazo wokudinwa ngobunjineli. Uninzi lwazo luwela kwingxaki yokusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha okubangelwa ziinguqu zangaphandle zokusebenza, okusingqongileyo, okanye oomatshini. Ukuqonda iindlela zokusilela kwezi zinto kubalulekile kwiinjineli zezityalo ezifuna ukuphucula ukuthembeka kweeasethi kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokusebenza.

Inkcazo kunye neempawu zesilumkiso kwangethuba

Ukusilela kweebhereyitha kuchazwa ngokusesikweni njengendawo apho ibhereyitha ingasakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ofunekayo ngaphakathi kweeparamitha zokusebenza ezithile, ezidla ngokubonakala njengokuwohloka kwezinto kwiindlela zomdyarho okanye izinto eziqengqelekayo. Ukuqhubela phambili ekusileleni kokusebenza akwenzeki ngephanyazo; kulandela i-curve yokuwohloka eqikelelweyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PF (Potential to Functional failure). Ukuchonga izinto ezingaqhelekanga zokuqala kule curve kuvumela amaqela okulungisa ukuba angenelele ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu.

Iimpawu zesilumkiso zakuqala zilinganiswa kakhulu kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokujonga imeko. Amanqanaba okuqala okudinwa komhlaba avelisa ukukhutshwa kwe-acoustic okuphindaphindekayo, okuhlala kubonakala kuluhlu lwe-ultrasonic oluyi-20 kHz ukuya kwi-100 kHz, ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale nawuphi na umonakalo emzimbeni. Njengoko ii-micro-cracks ezingaphantsi komhlaba zisasazeka kumphezulu kwaye zibangele i-micro-spalling, i-bearing iya kubonisa isantya sokungcangcazela esonyukayo. Umzekelo, umatshini osebenza kakuhle kwi-1.5 mm/s RMS unokunyuka kancinci kancinci, ekugqibeleni uphule umda we-alamu ye-ISO 10816 we-4.5 mm/s RMS kwiziseko eziqinileyo. Ukongeza, ukunyuka kokungqubana kwendawo kuya kubangela ukunyuka kobushushu, okuhlala kutyhala amaqondo obushushu ezindlu zeebhereyitha ngaphaya kwesiseko esiqhelekileyo se-60°C ukuya kwi-80°C.

Impembelelo ekuthembekeni, kukhuseleko, nakwixabiso

Iziphumo zokungaphumeleli kweebheringi ngokungathintelwanga zidlula kakhulu iindleko zokuthenga zecandelo lokutshintsha. Kwimizi-mveliso yenkqubo eqhubekayo, efana nokucocwa kwe-petrochemical, i-pulp kunye nephepha, okanye ukuveliswa kombane, impembelelo ephambili yezemali iqhutywa lixesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga. Ukubanjwa kwebheringi enye eyingozi kwimpahla ebalulekileyo kunokumisa umgca wonke wemveliso, okubangela iindleko zemveliso ezilahlekileyo ukusuka kwi-$10,000 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-$100,000 ngeyure, kuxhomekeke kwisikali semveliso yesakhiwo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusilela kweebheringi eziyingozi kakhulu kuvelisa ukhuseleko olukhulu kunye nemingcipheko yezixhobo ezizezinye. Ibheringi ebanjiweyo inokubangela ukuchetywa kweshaft, ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-coupling, kunye nomonakalo obalulekileyo kwiibhokisi zegiya ezibizayo okanye ii-motor stators zombane. Kwizicelo zesantya esiphezulu, ukungqubana okukhulu okubangelwa kukusilela okukhulu kunokunyusa amaqondo obushushu adlule kwindawo yokutsha kwe-lubricant, nto leyo edala ingozi enkulu yomlilo.

Izizathu Eziqhelekileyo Zokusilela Kweebhereyitha

Nangona umda osisiseko wobomi bebhereyitha ulawulwa kukudinwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, uhlalutyo lokusilela kwehlabathi lokwenyani lubonisa ukuba izinto ezibangela uxinzelelo lwangaphandle zezona zinto ziphambili. Ii-standardized bearing life equations, ezifana nomgangatho we-ISO 281, zixhomekeke ekucingeni ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza. Xa ezi meko zichaphazeleka, ubomi bokwenyani bokusebenza buyehla ngokukhawuleza.

Izifundo zokuthembeka kweshishini zibonisa rhoqo ukuba malunga ne-80% yazo zonke iintsilelo zeebhereyitha ngaphambi kwexesha zinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokuthambisa okunganelanga okanye okungafanelekanga. Ama-20% aseleyo asasazeke kakhulu phakathi kongcoliseko, iindlela zokufakela ezingafanelekanga, kunye nokugqithisa oomatshini. Ukujongana nezi zizathu ziphambili kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu ngemida ye-tribological kunye ne-mechanical yeebhereyitha ze-rolling element.

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuthambisa kunye nongcoliseko

Ukungaphumeleli kokuthambisakwenzeka xa ifilimu yeoyile ye-elastohydrodynamic (EHD), eyahlula izinto eziqengqelekayo kwiindlela zomdyarho, iphuka. Le filimu incinci ngendlela emangalisayo—idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-0.1 kunye ne-1.0 micrometers—kodwa kufuneka imelane noxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano olungaphezulu kwe-1,000 MPa (145,000 psi). Ukuba i-lubrication ye-lubricant iphantsi kakhulu kubushushu bokusebenza, okanye ukuba i-grease ayifakwanga ngokwaneleyo, kulandele unxibelelwano lwentsimbi nesinyithi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugugeni nasekutshixeni. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuthambisa kakhulu imingxuma engaphaya kwe-30% ukuya kwi-50% yomthamo wayo okhululekileyo kubangela ukujijeka okukhulu, okunokuqhuba ngokukhawuleza amaqondo obushushu okusebenza angaphezu kwe-100°C, okukhawulezisa ukuxinana kweoyile kunye nokuwohloka kwesepha.

Ungcoliseko lusebenza njengekhompawundi erhabaxa ngaphakathi komngxuma wokuthwala. Ungcoliseko lwamasuntswana aqinileyo lulinganiswa kusetyenziswa ikhowudi yococeko ye-ISO 4406. Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yeoyile ye-hydraulic okanye ejikelezayo kwinqanaba eliphezulu longcoliseko, njenge-ISO 21/18/15, kunyanzela ii-microscopic particles ukuba zingene kwindawo yomthwalo, nto leyo edala ukunyuka koxinzelelo kwindawo ethile kwaye kuphazamise iindlela zomdyarho. Ukunciphisa izinga lococeko ukuya kumgangatho oqinileyo, njenge-ISO 16/14/11, kunokwandisa ubomi bokuthwala. Ungcoliseko lolwelo luyonakalisa ngokufanayo; ukubakho kwamanzi anyibilikisiweyo yi-0.002% (20 ppm) kwi-lubricant kunokunciphisa ubomi bokudinwa kwe-L10 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-48% ngenxa yokubhitya kwe-hydrogen kwintsimbi yokuthwala.

Ukungalingani kakuhle, ukuxinana kakhulu, kunye nokungahambi kakuhle

Ukuphambuka koomatshini ukusuka kwiiparamitha zoyilo olufanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwiibheringi ukuya kumandla ebezingadalwanga ukuba zimelane nazo. Ukungalungelelani phakathi kweshaft kunye nendlu yinto edla ngokubangela umthwalo ongaphezulu. Xa ukungalungelelani kwe-angular kudlula umda ovumelekileyo webheringi—kudla ngokuba nzima njenge-0.001 radians (1 milliradian)iibheringi zebhola ezinzulu zomjelo—umthwalo unyanzelwa ukuba uye emaphethelweni angaphaya kweerola kunye neendlela zomdyarho. Olu xinzelelo lwendawo ludlula kakhulu amandla emveliso yezinto, nto leyo ebangela ukuqhekeka ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqhekeka kwekheyiji.

Ukulayisha kakhulu, nokuba kuzinzile okanye kunamandla, kukhawulezisa ukusilela kokudinwa. Ngokwe-basical bearing life equation (L10 = (C/P)^p, apho u-C luvavanyo lomthwalo oguquguqukayo, u-P ngumthwalo olinganayo oguquguqukayo, kwaye u-p ngumthombo wohlobo lwebheari), ubomi bulingana ngokuphambeneyo ne-cube yomthwalo weebheari zebhola. Ukunyuka nje kwe-20% kumthwalo osetyenzisiweyo (P) kunciphisa ubomi obulindelweyo bebheari phantse ngama-50%. Ukulingana okungekho semgangathweni kuya kuyenza mandundu le micimbi. Ukulingana kweshafti okuqinileyo kuya kuyandisa indandatho yangaphakathi ngemitha, kususe ukususwa okubalulekileyo kwangaphakathi kwaye kubangele ukubaleka kobushushu. Ukulingana okukhululekileyo kuya kubangela ukuba indandatho yangaphakathi irhubuluze okanye ijikeleze kwishafti, okubangela ukubola okukrakra kunye nokuwohloka okukhulu kobukhulu.

Iimpazamo zokufaka kunye nokuphatha

Impazamo yomntu ngexesha lokufakelwa ibeka emngciphekweni ngoko nangoko ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo sebheri entsha. Eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo yokuphatha kukusetyenziswa kwamandla okubetha ngqo kwizangqa zebheri. Ukubetha ibheri ngesando sentsimbi, okanye ukusebenzisa amandla okufaka kwizinto eziqengqelekayo (umz., ukucinezela iringi yangaphandle ukufaka ibheri kwishafti), kubangela ukurhawuzelelwa kokwenyani. Oku kubonakala njengokuguquka kweplastiki okungapheliyo kwiindlela zomdyarho, okubekwe ngqo kwindawo yokutsiba kwezinto eziqengqelekayo, okonakalisa ibheri ngonaphakade ngaphambi kokuba ijikeleze.

Iindlela zokufudumeza ezingafanelekanga nazo zibangela umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa. Nangona ukwanda kobushushu kuyindlela eqhelekileyo yokufaka iibheringi ezihambelana nokuphazamiseka, ukusebenzisa umthombo wobushushu ongalawulwayo njengetotshi ye-oxy-acetylene kudala iigradients zobushushu ezikwindawo ethile. Ukufudumeza intsimbi esemgangathweni (umz., i-AISI 52100) ngaphaya kwe-120°C (248°F) kutshintsha isakhiwo sayo se-metallurgical. I-austenite egciniweyo iguquka ibe yi-martensite, ibangela ukungazinzi kobukhulu kunye nokulahleka okungapheliyo kobunzima bezinto, okonakalisa kakhulu amandla okuthwala umthwalo webheringi.

Ulawulo lokuthambisa kunye noNgcoliseko

Ulawulo olusebenzayo lokuthambisa kunye nongcoliseko lwenza umaleko osisiseko salo naliphi na icebo lokuthembeka kweebhereyitha. Injongo ephambili kukugcina imeko ethile ye-tribological: umlinganiselo weLambda. Lo mlinganiselo uthelekisa ubukhulu befilimu yokuthambisa ye-elastohydrodynamic kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu obudibeneyo beendlela zomdyarho weebhereyitha kunye nezinto eziqengqelekayo.

Umlinganiselo weLambda ongaphantsi kwe-1 ubonisa ukuthambisa okulinganiselweyo ngokudibana rhoqo kwesinyithi nesinyithi, ngelixa umlinganiselo ongaphezulu kwe-2 ubonisa ukwahlulwa kwefilimu epheleleyo yolwelo, apho ubomi bokudinwa buphuculwa khona. Ukufezekisa nokugcina lo mlinganiselo ufanelekileyo weLambda kufuna ukukhethwa ngokuchanekileyo kokuthambisa, amaxesha okusetyenziswa acwangcisiweyo, kunye nokukhutshwa ngokungqongqo kwee-particles kunye nokungena komswakama.

Ukukhetha i-lubricant kunye ne-viscosity efanelekileyo

Ukukhetha i-lubricant echanekileyo kufuna ukubala ubuncinci be-kinematic viscosity efunekayo kubushushu obuthile bokusebenza be-bearing. Oku kuqhutywa ngokusisiseko yi-pitch diameter ye-bearing (dm) kunye nesantya sayo sokujikeleza (RPM). Umzekelo, i-bearing enobukhulu obuphakathi esebenza kwi-1,500 RPM inokufuna i-ISO VG 68 oyile kubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza obuyi-60°C. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba indawo engqongileyo ityhala ubushushu bokusebenza ukuya kwi-90°C, i-oyile iya kuncipha kakhulu, nto leyo eya kufuna ukutshintshela kwi-baseline viscosity ephezulu, njenge-ISO VG 220, ukugcina ubukhulu befilimu obufunekayo.

Ngaphaya kwe-oyile esisiseko, ukukhethwa kwenkqubo yokutyebisa kunye nephakheji yokongeza kubalulekile. Kwizicelo zomthwalo onzima okanye zesantya esiphantsi apho umlinganiselo weLambda uwela ngaphantsi kwe-1, izongezo ze-Anti-Wear (AW) kunye ne-Extreme Pressure (EP) ziyafuneka ukwenza iileya zeekhemikhali zokukhusela kwiindawo zentsimbi. Xa ukhetha igrisi, i-National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) grade consistency grade kufuneka ihambelane nesicelo; igrisi ye-NLGI 2 isemgangathweni kwiimoto ezininzi zombane, ngelixa i-NLGI 1 okanye i-0 ethambileyo inokufuneka kwiinkqubo ze-auto-lube eziphakathi ezisebenza kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwe-zero ukuthintela imiba yokumpompa.

Ukuseta amaxesha okuphinda kuthanjiswe

Utshintsho ukusuka ekuthambiseni ngokwekhalenda ukuya ekuthambiseni ngobuchule luphawu lweenkqubo zokuthembeka eziphambili. Ubuninzi bokuthambisa kufuneka buqwalasele uhlobo lwebhereyitha, ubungakanani, isantya, ubushushu bokusebenza, kunye nobunzima bokusingqongileyo. Njengomgaqo osisiseko, kukonyuka ngakunye kwe-15°C kubushushu bokusebenza obungaphezulu kwe-70°C, ixesha lokuphinda kuthambise kufuneka linqunyulwe phakathi ngenxa yesantya sokuxinana esikhawulezileyo seoyile yesiseko.

Okubaluleke ngokufanayo kukulawula ngokuchanekileyo umthamo wokuphinda uthambise. Ifomula eyamkelweyo ngokubanzi yeshishini yokubala ubungakanani obuchanekileyo bokuphinda uthambise yi-V = D × B × 0.005, apho i-V ingumthamo wegrisi kwiigram, i-D yi-bearing outside diameter kwiimilimitha, kwaye i-B yi-total bearing width kwiimilimitha. Ukusebenzisa i-ultrasonic grease guns kunokuyicoca ngakumbi le nkqubo. Ngokujonga ukukhutshwa kwe-acoustic okuphindaphindekayo ngexesha langempela ngelixa kupompa igrisi, iingcali zinokuyeka ukuthambisa kanye xa amandla e-acoustic ehla aye kwisiseko esigudileyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuphinda kuthambise ifilimu ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokucinezela kakhulu umngxuma okanye ukuvuthuza izitywina ze-shaft.

Ukusebenzisa izitywino, ukucoca, kunye neethagethi zokucoca

Ukukhupha izinto ezingcolisayo zangaphandle kudla ngokuba neendleko eziphantsi kunokuzama ukuzihluza emva kokungena kwazo. Ukukhethwa kwezitywini zendlu yokuthwala kulawula ukhuseleko oluchasene nokusingqongileyo. Izitywini zokunxibelelana (ezifana nezitywini zomlomo) zibonelela ngokhuseleko olugqwesileyo ekungeneni kolwelo kodwa zithintelwe yimida yesantya somphezulu weshaft (ngesiqhelo malunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-15 m/s) ngenxa yokungqubana kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu. Kwizicelo zesantya esiphezulu, izitywini ze-labyrinth ezingadibaniyo okanye izihlukanisi ze-magnetic bearing ziyafuneka. Ezi zihlukanisi zibonelela ngokhuseleko olulinganiswe yi-IP66 ngaphandle kokuguguleka ngokwasemzimbeni, zisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal kunye neendlela zangaphakathi ezintsonkothileyo zokukhupha izinto ezingcolisayo.

Kwiinkqubo zeoyile ezijikelezayo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iithagethi zokucoca ezingqongqo. Ukusebenzisa izihluzi ezine-Beta ratio ephezulu (umz., iBeta > 1000 kwiincinci ze-5-micron, oko kuthetha ukuba isihluzi sisusa i-99.9% yeencinci ze-5 microns nangaphezulu) kuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo luhlala lucocekile. Ukulawula indawo engaphambili yee-reservoirs zolwelo ngee-desiccant breathers nako kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukufuma okungqongileyo ekujiyileni kwioyile.

Ulungelelwaniso, Umthwalo, kunye noFakelo lweendlela ezilungileyo

Ukuchaneka koomatshini okufunekayo ukuze kufakwe iibheringi zemizi-mveliso kushiya umda ongenanto wotoliko oluzimeleyo. Iibheringi zenziwe ngokwemilinganiselo yokunyamezelana okucacileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo zilinganiswa ngee-microns nje (amawaka eemilimitha). Ngenxa yoko, iishafts kunye nee-housings ezidibana nezi bheringi kufuneka zenziwe ngomatshini kwaye zilungiselelwe ukunyamezelana okuhambelanayo.

Ukuphambuka ekuhambelaneni, ukusasazwa komthwalo ngendlela engafanelekanga, okanye iindlela zokufakela ngamandla amakhulu ziya kunciphisa ixabiso lezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuthambisa okuphezulu. Ukuseka inkqubo yokufaka esemgangathweni nelawulwa kakhulu kuyimfuneko ekuthinteleni ukufa kwabantwana abaselula kwizixhobo ezijikelezayo.

Ukulawula ishafti, indawo yokuhlala, ukulayisha kwangaphambili, kunye nokususa izinto ezingafunekiyo

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwebheri, ishafti, kunye nendlu bulawulwa yimigaqo yokulingana kunye nokususwa kwangaphakathi. Iishafti zihlala zisetyenzwa kwiiklasi ezithile zokunyamezelana kwe-ISO (ezifana ne-j5, k5, okanye i-m5) kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bomthwalo kunye nokuba indandatho yangaphakathi iyajikeleza na. Ukulingana kokuphazamiseka ngokuqhelekileyo kuyadingeka kwindandatho ejikelezayo ukuthintela ukurhubuluza. Nangona kunjalo, olu phazamiseko luyandisa ngokwasemzimbeni indandatho yangaphakathi, lutya inxalenye ye-radial internal clearance yebheri (RIC).

Iinjineli kufuneka zichaze indawo yokuqala echanekileyo—njenge-C2 (eqinileyo), i-Normal, i-C3 (ekhululekileyo), okanye i-C4 (ekhululekileyo kakhulu)—ukuze zilungele olu lwandiso. Umzekelo, i-bearing eqhelekileyo ye-C3 deep groove ball bearing ene-50 mm bore inokuba nendawo yokuqala engafakwanga ngaphakathi eyi-15 ukuya kwi-33 micrometers. Emva kokuphazamiseka kokufakwa kwi-shaft kunye nokwandiswa kobushushu ngexesha lokusebenza okuzinzileyo, indawo yokusebenza ingahla iye kwimeko ephantse ibe yi-zero okanye encinci yokulayisha kwangaphambili (umz., ii-micrometers ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5). Ukuyibala gwenxa le ndawo iguquguqukayo kunye nokusebenzisa i-bearing ye-Normal clearance kwisicelo sobushushu obuphezulu kuya kubangela imeko yokwahlulwa okungalunganga, okubangela ukulayisha kwangaphambili okuyingozi, ukungqubana okukhulu, kunye nokuxhuzula ngokukhawuleza.

Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokufakela ezifanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokufudumeza

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lokufakelwa kufuneka kwahlulwe ngokupheleleyo kwizinto eziqengqelekayo. Kwizixhobo ezincinci zokufakelwa ezibandayo (ngesiqhelo ezingaphantsi kwe-50 mm bore), izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokufakela ezisebenzisa izangqa zempembelelo kunye nemikhono ziqinisekisa ukuba amandla asetyenziswa ngaxeshanye kwizangqa zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, nto leyo ethintela ukurhawuzelelwa kolwelo. Kwizixhobo ezinkulu ezifuna ukulingana okuphazamisekileyo, ukwandiswa kobushushu yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo.

Umgangatho weshishini wee-heating bearings kukusebenzisa i-microprocessor-controlled induction heater. Ezi zixhobo zifudumeza i-inner ring ngokulinganayo ngelixa zijonga ubushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayidluli umda obalulekileyo we-110°C (230°F). Okubaluleke kakhulu, ii-induction heaters zanamhlanje zisusa ngokuzenzekelayo i-bearing ekupheleni komjikelo wokufudumala ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-2 A/cm; ukungaphumeleli ukususa i-magnetize i-bearing kuya kubangela ukuba itsale amasuntswana okuguguleka kwe-ferrous ngexesha lokusebenza, okukhawulezisa ukuguguleka okurhabaxa.iibheringi zerola ezingqukuvazifakwe kwiishafti ezithambileyo, iinuts ze-hydraulic kunye nendlela ye-axial drive-up ziyasetyenziswa. Le ndlela isebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic ukuqhuba i-bearing up the taper, inciphisa umgama wangaphakathi ngokulinganisa ngqo i-micrometer ukuze kufezekiswe ukulingana okugqibeleleyo kokuphazamiseka.

Ukulawula i-torque kunye nomonakalo wofakelo

Ukubopha indlu yeebheringi nokuqinisa iindlela zokutshixa kufuna ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwiinkcukacha ze-torque. Ukuqina okungalinganiyo kwemigca eqhekekileyo yendlu okanye izigqubuthelo zokugqibela kunokuphazamisa indandatho yangaphandle yebheringi, kudala indawo yokuncina ecinezela izinto eziqengqelekayo njengoko zidlula kwindawo yomthwalo. Iingcali kufuneka zisebenzise ii-torque wrenches ezilinganisiweyo kwaye zilandele ulandelelwano lokuqinisa lwepatheni yeenkwenkwezi ukuqinisekisa amandla afanayo okubamba.

Umonakalo wokufakelwa ubandakanya neziganeko zokuxinana okungashukumiyo ngelixa umatshini ungasebenzi. Ukuthutha oomatshini abanzima ngololiwe okanye ngelori ngaphandle kokuvala ngokufanelekileyo i-rotor kunokubangela iibheringi ezimileyo ukuba zibe nefuthe elikhulu lokungcangcazela. Le meko, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-false brinelling, ibangela amabala okuguguleka kwe-microscopic fretting kwindawo echanekileyo yezinto eziqengqelekayo ngenxa yokungabikho kwefilimu yeoyile ye-hydrodynamic ekhuselayo ngexesha lokungcangcazela okungashukumiyo. Ukuthintela oku, ii-rotors ezinobunzima beetoni ezininzi kufuneka zivalwe ngokukhuselekileyo, okanye iibheringi kufuneka zibekwe phantsi komthwalo onzima we-axial preload ngexesha lokuhamba ukuze kuthintelwe ukuhamba okuncinci.

Inkqubo yoThintelo loKuhluleka kokuthwala

Ukutshintsha indawo ukusuka kwindlela yokuma yokusabela ukuya ekusileleni ukuya kwisicwangciso sokugcinwa kwangaphambili (i-PdM) lukhuselo olupheleleyo kwixesha lokungasebenzi elinxulumene neebhereyitha. Inkqubo yokuthintela ukungaphumeleli kweebhereyitha esemthethweni idibanisa ubuchwepheshe bokujonga imeko, uhlalutyo oluqatha lokusilela, kunye nolawulo lomjikelo wobomi oluqhutywa yidatha.

Imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali lweenkqubo ezinjalo ibaluleke kakhulu. Idatha yokuthembeka kwemizi-mveliso ibonisa ukuba ukuphumeza inkqubo epheleleyo ye-PDM kunokunciphisa iindleko zokugcina zizonke ngama-25% ukuya kuma-30%, kususe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-75% yokonakala okungalindelekanga, kwaye kwandise ixesha eliphakathi phakathi kokusilela (MTBF) kweeasethi ezibalulekileyo ezijikelezayo ngeminyaka.

Ukulandelela ukungcangcazela kunye neendlela zobushushu

Ukubeka iliso kwimeko eqhubekayo okanye esekwe kwindlela sisixhobo esiphambili sokuxilonga kwinkqubo yokuthintela. Uhlalutyo lokungcangcazela, ngakumbi ukugquma okanye ukususwa kwesantya esiphezulu, luvumela abahlalutyi ukuba bahlukanise amaza athile esiphako sebheyari. Ibheyari nganye ineemvamisa zesiphako ezikhethekileyo ngokusekelwe kwijometri yayo: iBall Pass Frequency Outer (BPFO), iBall Pass Frequency Inner (BPFI), iBall Spin Frequency (BSF), kunye neFundamental Train Frequency (FTF). Ukufumanisa incochoyi kwiBPFO, umzekelo, kuqinisekisa isiphako kwindlela yokugijima yangaphandle.

Ukumisela imida echanekileyo ye-alamu kubalulekile kwidatha enokusebenziseka. Umkhuba oqhelekileyo weshishini ubeka i-alamu yesilumkiso kwisantya sokwanda kwe-amplitude yokungcangcazela okuphindwe kabini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kujongwe ngokusondeleyo kwaye kujongwe ukuthambisa. I-alamu ye-Fault okanye ye-Action ivuselelwa kwisantya sokwanda kwe-3x ukuya kwi-4x (umz., ukutsiba ukusuka kwi-2.0 mm/s ukuya kwi-8.0 mm/s RMS), nto leyo ebonisa isidingo sokucwangciswa kokutshintshwa kwangoko. I-Thermography ihambelana nedatha yokungcangcazela; ukuskena kwe-infrared rhoqo kwezindlu zeebheringi kunokuchonga ngokukhawuleza izinto ezisebenza ngaphandle kwee-envelopes zazo zobushushu ezenziwe ngobunjineli, kuphawulwe ukuthambisa okugqithisileyo, ukuthambisa okunganeleyo, okanye imiba yokungahambi kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukuwohloka koomatshini.

Ukuhlola iipateni zokuguguleka kunye nezizathu ezingundoqo

Xa ibhereyitha isusiwe ekugqibeleni kwinkonzo, akufuneki ilahlwe ngokukhawuleza.uhlalutyo lokusilela kwesizathu(RCFA) kwicandelo elonakeleyo libalulekile ekuthinteleni ukusilela okuphindaphindiweyo. Umgangatho we-ISO 15243 ubonelela ngenkqubo yokwahlulahlula ebanzi yomonakalo weebheringi kunye neepateni zokuguguleka, ukwahlula ukusilela kwiindidi ezifana nokudinwa, ukuguguleka, ukubola, ukuguguleka kombane, ukuguqulwa kweplastiki, kunye nokuqhekeka.

Ukuhlola indlela yendawo yomthwalo ngaphakathi kwebheriya kuvelisa imiqondiso ebalulekileyo malunga neemeko zokusebenza komatshini. Indlela eqhelekileyo yomthwalo kwibheriya yebhola enzulu elayishwe ngeradially idlula ngaphantsi kancinci kwiidigri ezili-180 ijikeleze indandatho yangaphandle engashukumiyo. Ukuba uhlolo lubonisa indlela yomthwalo egobile kakhulu kwicala elinye, kubonisa ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-engile. Ukuba indlela yomthwalo igubungela iidigri ezingama-360 zendandatho yangaphandle, ibheriya yayisebenza phantsi komthwalo wangaphakathi onzima okanye indawo eqinileyo. Ukuhlolwa kweMicroscopic kunokwahlula phakathi kokuguguleka okurhabaxa (indawo ezibuthathaka, eziqandisiweyo ezibangelwa kukungcola kwamasuntswana) kunye nokuguguleka okunamathelayo (ukutshiza kunye nokudluliselwa kwesinyithi okubangelwa bubukhulu obunganeleyo befilimu yokuthambisa).

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Jonga ukungcangcazela, ubushushu, i-ultrasound, kunye nemeko yokuthambisa ukuze ubone iziphene zebhereyitha ngexesha le-PF ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukungasebenzi kakuhle.
• Sebenzisa uhlobo oluchanekileyo lokuthambisa, ubungakanani, kunye neshedyuli yokuphinda uthambise kuba iingxaki zokuthambisa zezinye zeendlela ezikhawulezayo zokonakalisa iibhereyitha ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Thintela ungcoliseko ngezitywino ezifanelekileyo, ukuphathwa kakuhle, kunye nokugcinwa okulawulwayo kuba ukungcola, ukufuma, kunye nenkunkuma zingonakalisa iindlela zomdyarho kunye nezinto eziqengqelekayo.
• Landela iinkqubo zokufakela kunye neendlela zokulungelelanisa ukuze uphephe ukurhawuzelelwa kwamanzi, ukusasazwa komthwalo okungalinganiyo, uxinzelelo lwe-shaft, kunye nokudinwa kwangethuba.
• Khetha iibheringi ngokusekelwe kumthwalo wokwenyani, isantya, indawo, kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka endaweni yobukhulu bodwa ukuphucula ubomi benkonzo kunye nokuthembeka.
• Phatha ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ezindlu ngaphezu kwesiqhelo kunye neendlela zokungcangcazela ezisondela kwimida ye-alamu njengezinto ezibangela ukugcinwa, kungekhona utshintsho oluncinci lokusebenza.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ziziphi izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli kweebheringi?

Ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ziquka ukuthambisa okungekho semgangathweni, ungcoliseko, ukufakwa okungafanelekanga, ukungalungelelani kakuhle, umthwalo ogqithisileyo, kunye nokukhetha iibheringi ezingafanelekanga ukusetyenziswa.

Ndingayazi njani ukuba ibhereyi iqala ukusilela?

Iimpawu zesilumkiso zakuqala ziquka ukunyuka kokungcangcazela, ingxolo engaqhelekanga, ukwakheka kobushushu, ukutshintsha kombala wezithambiso, ukuncipha kokusebenza kakuhle komatshini, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-ultrasound ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale umonakalo obonakalayo.

Kutheni le nto iibheringi ezininzi zingaphumeleli ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele kubomi bazo obulinganisiweyo?

Nangona iibheringi ezininzi zenzelwe ubomi obude bokudinwa kwe-L10, ukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha kudla ngokubangelwa ziimeko zokusebenza ezifana nongcoliseko, ukugqithisa kakhulu, ukuthambisa okungekho semgangathweni, okanye iimpazamo zokufakela.

Kufuneka kuthanjiswe kangaphi iibheringi?

Amaxesha okuthambisa axhomekeke kuhlobo lwebhereyitha, isantya, umthwalo, ubushushu, kunye nokusingqongileyo. Landela isikhokelo somenzi kwaye uhlengahlengise ngokusekelwe ekujongeni imeko, uhlalutyo lwezithambiso, kunye nobunzima bokusebenza.

Ngaba ukukhetha ibhereyitha echanekileyo kuya kuyinciphisa ingozi yokungaphumeleli?

Ewe. Ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwebheriya, umlinganiselo womthwalo, izinto, ukususwa kwenkunkuma, kunye noyilo lokutywina kunceda ukufanisa ibheriya neemeko zokusebenza zokwenyani kwaye kuthintela umonakalo onokuphepheka ngaphambi kwexesha.