Zifukwa 5 Zofala za Kulephera kwa Bearing ndi Momwe Mungapewere

Chifukwa Chake Kupirira Kulephera N'kofunika

Maberani a mafakitalendi zinthu zopangidwa mwaluso zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zithandize kuyenda kozungulira pomwe zimachepetsa kukangana ndikugwira ntchito zinazake. Pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyenera ya labotale, chogwirira cha chinthu chozungulira chidzagwira ntchito mpaka chikafika pa moyo wake wotopa wa L10—chiwerengero chosonyeza kuti 90% ya anthu onyamula katundu adzapulumuka kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwapadera kusanachitike kutopa kwachitsulo. Pa ntchito zambiri zamafakitale, moyo wa L10 uwu umawerengedwa kuti upitirira maola 100,000 ogwirira ntchito mosalekeza.

Komabe, deta yochokera ku makampani ofufuza ikuwonetsa kuti ma bearing osakwana 10% amafika pamlingo wotopa womwe adapangidwa. Ambiri amalephera msanga chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ntchito zakunja, zachilengedwe, kapena makina. Kumvetsetsa njira zomwe zimachitikira kulephera kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mainjiniya a mafakitale omwe akufuna kukonza kudalirika kwa katundu ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwirira ntchito.

Tanthauzo ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za machenjezo

Kulephera kwa mabearing kumatanthauzidwa mwalamulo kuti ndi malo omwe bearing silingathenso kugwira ntchito yake yofunikira mkati mwa magawo enaake a magwiridwe antchito, omwe nthawi zambiri amaonekera ngati kuwonongeka kwa zinthu pamisewu ya raceways kapena zinthu zozungulira. Kupita patsogolo kwa kulephera kwa ntchito sikumachitika nthawi yomweyo; kumatsatira njira yodziwikiratu ya kuwonongeka komwe kumadziwika kuti PF (Potential to Functional failure). Kuzindikira zolakwika zoyambirira pamzerewu kumalola magulu okonza kuti alowererepo asanachitike kuwonongeka kwakukulu.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za machenjezo zimatha kuwerengedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowunikira momwe zinthu zilili. Magawo oyamba a kutopa kwa pansi pa nthaka amapanga mpweya wotulutsa mawu wambiri, womwe nthawi zambiri umapezeka mu 20 kHz mpaka 100 kHz ultrasonic range, nthawi yayitali kuwonongeka kulikonse kusanachitike. Pamene ming'alu yaying'ono ya pansi pa nthaka ikufalikira pamwamba ndikuyambitsa kufalikira kwa micro, bearing idzawonetsa kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa kugwedezeka. Mwachitsanzo, makina ogwira ntchito bwino pa 1.5 mm/s RMS amatha kukwera pang'onopang'ono, pamapeto pake kuphwanya malire a alamu a ISO 10816 a 4.5 mm/s RMS pamaziko olimba. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezeka kwa kukangana komweko kumayambitsa kukwera kwa kutentha, nthawi zambiri kukankhira kutentha kwa nyumba ya bearing kupitirira muyezo woyambira wa 60°C mpaka 80°C.

Zotsatira pa kudalirika, chitetezo, ndi mtengo

Zotsatira za kulephera kwa mabearing mosalekeza zimapitirira mtengo wogulira chinthu china. M'mafakitale opitilira, monga kuyeretsa mafuta, zamkati ndi mapepala, kapena kupanga magetsi, zotsatira zazikulu zachuma zimayendetsedwa ndi nthawi yosakonzekera. Kugwidwa kwa mabearing kamodzi koopsa pa katundu wofunikira kumatha kuyimitsa mzere wonse wopanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zopanga zitayike kuyambira $10,000 mpaka $100,000 pa ola limodzi, kutengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe fakitaleyo imatulutsa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kulephera kwa mabearing kumabweretsa zoopsa zazikulu zachitetezo komanso zoopsa zina. Bearing yogwidwa ingayambitse kudula shaft, kuwonongeka kwa ma coupling, komanso kuwonongeka kwa ma gearbox okwera mtengo kapena ma electric motor stator. Pakugwiritsa ntchito liwiro lalikulu, kukangana kwakukulu komwe kumachitika pakagwa vuto lalikulu kumatha kukweza kutentha kupitirira flash point ya mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi yayikulu yamoto.

Zifukwa Zofala Zolephera Kunyamula

Ngakhale malire oyambira a nthawi ya bearing amalamulidwa ndi kutopa kwa zinthu, kusanthula kwa kulephera kwa zinthu zenizeni kukuwonetsa kuti zopsinjika zakunja ndiye zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto. Ma equation ofanana a moyo wa bearing, monga muyezo wa ISO 281, amadalira lingaliro la mikhalidwe yoyenera yogwirira ntchito. Pamene mikhalidwe iyi yasokonekera, moyo weniweni wa ntchito umatsika kwambiri.

Kafukufuku wodalirika wa mafakitale nthawi zonse akusonyeza kuti pafupifupi 80% ya kulephera konse kwa ma bearing asanakwane kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mafuta osakwanira kapena osayenera. 20% yotsalayo imagawidwa kwambiri pakati pa kuipitsidwa, njira zosayenerera zoyikira, ndi kudzaza kwambiri kwa makina. Kuthetsa zifukwa izi kumafuna kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa malire a tribological ndi mechanical a rolling element bearing.

Kulephera kwa mafuta ndi kuipitsidwa

Kulephera kwa mafuta odzolaZimachitika pamene filimu ya mafuta ya elastohydrodynamic (EHD), yomwe imalekanitsa zinthu zozungulira ndi mipikisano, imasweka. Filimuyi ndi yopyapyala modabwitsa—nthawi zambiri pakati pa 0.1 ndi 1.0 micrometers—koma iyenera kupirira kupsinjika kokhudzana ndi kutentha kopitilira 1,000 MPa (145,000 psi). Ngati kukhuthala kwa mafuta kuli kochepa kwambiri kuti kutentha kugwiritsidwe ntchito, kapena ngati mafuta sagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, kukhudzana kwa chitsulo ndi chitsulo kumachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomatira ziwonongeke komanso kuti ziume. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mafuta ochulukirapo opitirira 30% mpaka 50% ya voliyumu yawo yaulere amachititsa kuti zinthu ziyende bwino, zomwe zimatha kutentha kwambiri kuposa 100°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azisungunuka kwambiri komanso kuti sopo azisungunuka kwambiri.

Kuipitsidwa kumagwira ntchito ngati mankhwala okhuthala mkati mwa bere. Kuipitsidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ISO 4406 cleaning code. Kugwiritsa ntchito makina a hydraulic kapena ozungulira mafuta pamlingo woipitsidwa kwambiri, monga ISO 21/18/15, kumakakamiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalowa m'dera lolemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupsinjika kwa malo ena kukwere ndikuboola misewu ya raceways. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ukhondo kufika pamlingo wolimba, monga ISO 16/14/11, kumatha kukulitsa moyo wa bere. Kuipitsidwa kwa madzimadzi kumawononganso chimodzimodzi; kukhalapo kwa madzi osungunuka a 0.002% (20 ppm) okha mu mafuta kungathandize kuchepetsa moyo wa kutopa kwa L10 ndi 48% chifukwa cha hydrogen embrittle ya chitsulo chonyamula.

Kusakhazikika bwino, kupitirira muyeso, komanso kusakwanira bwino

Kupatuka kwa makina kuchokera ku magawo abwino a kapangidwe kake kumakhudza mphamvu zomwe sizinapangidwe kuti zipirire. Kusalingana pakati pa shaft ndi housing ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti m'mphepete mulowe katundu. Pamene kusalingana kwa angular kupitirira malire ovomerezeka a bearing—nthawi zambiri kumakhala kolimba ngati ma radians 0.001 (1 milliradian) amaberamu a mpira wozama kwambiri—katunduyo amakakamizika kupita m'mphepete mwa ma rollers ndi ma raceways. Kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kumeneku kumaposa kwambiri mphamvu ya chinthucho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiphulike mwachangu komanso kusweka kwa khola.

Kudzaza kwambiri, kaya mosasunthika kapena mosinthasintha, kumathandizira kulephera kutopa. Malinga ndi equation ya maziko a moyo wa bearing (L10 = (C/P)^p, pomwe C ndiye dynamic load rating, P ndiye dynamic bearing load yofanana, ndipo p ndiye exponent ya mtundu wa bearing), moyo ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi cube ya katundu wa ma bearing a mpira. Kuwonjezeka kwa 20% kokha kwa katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito (P) kumachepetsa moyo womwe bearing amayembekezeka ndi pafupifupi 50%. Kusakwanira bwino kumawonjezera mavutowa. Kukwanira kwa shaft komwe kuli kolimba kwambiri kudzakulitsa mphete yamkati mwachangu, kuchotsa kutseguka kwamkati kofunikira ndikuyambitsa kuthawa kwa kutentha. Kukwanira komwe kuli komasuka kwambiri kumabweretsa mphete yamkati kukwawa kapena kuzungulira pa shaft, zomwe zimayambitsa dzimbiri komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu.

Zolakwika pakuyika ndi kusamalira

Kulakwitsa kwa anthu panthawi yokhazikitsa nthawi yomweyo kumawononga umphumphu wa bere latsopano. Cholakwika chofala kwambiri pakusamalira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zogunda mwachindunji ku mphete za bere. Kugunda bere ndi nyundo yachitsulo, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokwezera kudzera mu zinthu zozungulira (monga, kukanikiza mphete yakunja kuti muyike bere pa shaft), kumayambitsa kuphulika kwenikweni kwa brine. Izi zimawonekera ngati kusintha kwa pulasitiki kosatha m'misewu ya raceways, komwe kumakhala kotalikirana ndi malo otsetsereka a zinthu zozungulira, kuwononga bere lisanazungulire.

Njira zotenthetsera zosayenerera zimayambitsanso kuwonongeka kosatha. Ngakhale kuti kukulitsa kutentha ndi njira yodziwika bwino yokhazikitsira ma bearing omwe amalumikizana ndi kusokoneza, kugwiritsa ntchito gwero lotentha losalamulirika monga tochi ya oxy-acetylene kumapanga ma gradients otentha kwambiri. Kutenthetsa chitsulo chokhazikika (monga AISI 52100) kupitirira 120°C (248°F) kumasintha kapangidwe kake ka zitsulo. Austenite yosungidwayo imasintha kukhala martensite, zomwe zimapangitsa kusakhazikika kwa mawonekedwe ndi kutayika kosatha kwa kuuma kwa zinthu, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri mphamvu yonyamula katundu ya bearing.

Kudzola ndi Kuletsa Kuipitsidwa

Kuchepetsa mafuta ndi kuwononga kogwira mtima ndiko maziko a njira iliyonse yodalirika yogwiritsira ntchito ma bearing. Cholinga chachikulu ndikusunga mkhalidwe wapadera wa tribological: chiŵerengero cha Lambda. Chiŵerengerochi chikuyerekeza makulidwe a filimu ya elastohydrodynamic lubricant ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba pa ma bearing raceways ndi zinthu zozungulira.

Chiŵerengero cha Lambda chochepera 1 chimasonyeza kudzola kwa malire ndi kukhudzana pafupipafupi kwa chitsulo ndi chitsulo, pomwe chiŵerengero choposa 2 chimasonyeza kulekanitsidwa kwathunthu kwa filimu yamadzimadzi, komwe nthawi yotopa imakhala yayitali. Kukwaniritsa ndikusunga chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha Lambda kumafuna kusankha mafuta molondola, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi moyenera, komanso kuchotsa mwamphamvu tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kulowa kwa chinyezi.

Kusankha mafuta oyenera komanso kukhuthala

Kusankha mafuta oyenera kumafuna kuwerengera kukhuthala kochepa komwe kumafunika pa kutentha kwa bearing. Izi zimayendetsedwa kwambiri ndi kukula kwa bearing's pitch diameter (dm) ndi liwiro lake lozungulira (RPM). Mwachitsanzo, bearing yocheperako yomwe imagwira ntchito pa 1,500 RPM ingafunike mafuta a ISO VG 68 pa kutentha koyenera kwa 60°C. Komabe, ngati malo ozungulira akweza kutentha kwa ntchito kufika pa 90°C, mafutawo adzachepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa baseline, monga ISO VG 220, kuti asunge makulidwe ofunikira a filimu.

Kupatula kukhuthala kwa mafuta oyambira, kusankha makina okhuthala ndi phukusi lowonjezera ndikofunikira kwambiri. Pa ntchito zolemera kapena zothamanga kwambiri pomwe chiŵerengero cha Lambda chili pansi pa 1, zowonjezera za Anti-Wear (AW) ndi Extreme Pressure (EP) ndizofunikira kuti apange zigawo zoteteza za mankhwala ophera pazitsulo. Posankha mafuta, kalasi yokhazikika ya National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) iyenera kufanana ndi ntchitoyo; mafuta a NLGI 2 ndi ofanana ndi a injini zambiri zamagetsi, pomwe NLGI 1 kapena 0 yofewa ingafunike pamakina odzipangira okha omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo osakhala zero kuti apewe mavuto opopera.

Kukhazikitsa nthawi zobwezeretsanso mafuta

Kusintha kuchoka pa mafuta odzola okha, ozikidwa pa kalendala kupita ku ma intervals okonzedwanso ndi chizindikiro cha mapulogalamu odalirika apamwamba. Mafupipafupi a mafuta odzola ayenera kuwerengera mtundu wa bearing, kukula, liwiro, kutentha kwa ntchito, ndi kuopsa kwa chilengedwe. Monga lamulo loyambira, pa 15°C iliyonse yowonjezera kutentha kwa ntchito yoposa 70°C, nthawi ya mafuta odzola iyenera kudulidwa pakati chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kwa mafuta oyambira.

Chofunikanso ndi kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa mafuta obwezeretsanso. Njira yodziwika bwino yowerengera kuchuluka koyenera kobwezeretsanso ndi V = D × B × 0.005, pomwe V ndiye kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu magalamu, D ndiye m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa bearing mu mamilimita, ndipo B ndiye m'lifupi wonse wa mafuta mu mamilimita. Kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti zamafuta opangidwa ndi ma ultrasonic kungathandize kwambiri njirayi. Mwa kuyang'anira kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa acoustic nthawi yeniyeni pamene akupopera mafuta, akatswiri amatha kusiya kudzoza nthawi yomweyo mphamvu ya acoustic ikatsika kukhala yosalala, zomwe zikusonyeza kubwezeretsanso bwino kwa filimu popanda kupondereza kwambiri m'bowo kapena kuphulitsa zisindikizo za shaft.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zisindikizo, zosefera, ndi zolinga zoyeretsa

Kuchotsa zinthu zodetsa zakunja nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika mtengo kuposa kuyesa kuzisefa pambuyo polowa. Kusankha zisindikizo zonyamula katundu kumapereka chitetezo ku chilengedwe. Zisindikizo zolumikizana (monga zisindikizo za milomo) zimapereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ku kulowa kwa madzi koma zimachepetsedwa ndi malire a liwiro la pamwamba pa shaft (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 10 mpaka 15 m/s) chifukwa cha kukangana ndi kupanga kutentha. Pa ntchito zothamanga kwambiri, zisindikizo zosagwirizana ndi kukhudzana kapena zotengera maginito zonyamula katundu zimafunika. Zisindikizo izi zimapereka chitetezo chovomerezeka ndi IP66 popanda kuwonongeka kwakuthupi, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal ndi njira zovuta zamkati kuti zitulutse zinthu zodetsa.

Mu machitidwe oyendera mafuta, zolinga zokhwima zosefera ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera zokhala ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha Beta (monga, Beta > 1000 pa tinthu ta 5-micron, kutanthauza kuti sefa imachotsa 99.9% ya tinthu ta 5-micron ndi kuposerapo) kumaonetsetsa kuti madziwo amakhalabe oyera. Kusamalira malo osungira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito zopumira za desiccant ndikofunikiranso kuti chinyezi chozungulira chisaundane mkati mwa mafuta.

Kukonza, Kunyamula, ndi Kukhazikitsa Njira Zabwino Kwambiri

Kulondola kwa makina komwe kumafunika poyika maberiyani apafakitale sikusiya malire aliwonse pakutanthauzira kwaumwini. Maberiyani amapangidwa molingana ndi kulekerera koyenera, nthawi zambiri amayesedwa mu ma micron okha (makilomita chikwi). Chifukwa chake, ma shaft ndi ma housings omwe amalumikizana ndi maberiyani awa ayenera kupangidwa ndi makina ndikukonzedwa kuti agwirizane ndi kulekerera koyenera.

Kupatuka pakugwirizana, kugawa katundu molakwika, kapena njira zoyikira mwamphamvu kwambiri zidzachepetsa nthawi yomweyo kufunika kwa zida zapamwamba komanso mafuta apamwamba. Kukhazikitsa njira yokhazikika komanso yowongoleredwa kwambiri yoyikira ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kufa kwa ana aang'ono m'zida zozungulira.

Kusamalira shaft, nyumba, kunyamula zinthu pasadakhale, ndi kuchotsa zinthu

Ubale pakati pa bearing, shaft, ndi housing umayendetsedwa ndi mfundo zoyenera ndi zovomerezeka mkati. Ma shaft nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi magulu enaake a ISO tolerance (monga j5, k5, kapena m5) kutengera kukula kwa katundu komanso ngati mphete yamkati imazungulira. Kuyenerera kolakwika nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuti mphete yozungulira isagwe. Komabe, kusokonezeka kumeneku kumakulitsa mphete yamkati, ndikudya gawo la radial internal clearance ya bearing (RIC).

Mainjiniya ayenera kufotokoza malo oyenera olowera—monga C2 (yolimba), Yachibadwa, C3 (yomasuka), kapena C4 (yomasuka kwambiri)—kuti agwirizane ndi kukulaku. Mwachitsanzo, bearing yokhazikika ya C3 deep groove ball bearing yokhala ndi bore ya 50 mm ikhoza kukhala ndi malo oyamba osakwezedwa mkati mwa maikromita 15 mpaka 33. Pambuyo pa kusokonezeka kwa shaft ndi kukula kwa kutentha panthawi yogwira ntchito mokhazikika, malo ogwirira ntchito amatha kutsika kufika pa zero kapena pang'ono pa preload (monga maikromita 2 mpaka 5). Kusawerengera molakwika kukulaku kwamphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito bearing yomasuka ya Normal pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kumabweretsa mkhalidwe woipa wa clearance, zomwe zimayambitsa preload yoopsa mkati, kukangana kwakukulu, komanso kugwidwa mwachangu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera zoyikira ndi njira zotenthetsera

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu poyimika kuyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ku zinthu zozungulira. Pa mabearing ang'onoang'ono oyika ozizira (nthawi zambiri pansi pa 50 mm bore), zida zapadera zoyikira pogwiritsa ntchito mphete zolumikizira ndi manja zimaonetsetsa kuti mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi ku mphete zamkati ndi zakunja, kupewa kusungunuka kwa madzi. Pa mabearing akuluakulu omwe amafuna kulowerera, kukulitsa kutentha ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri.

Muyezo wa makampani pa ma heater bearing ndi kugwiritsa ntchito microprocessor-controlled induction heater. Zipangizozi zimatenthetsa mphete yamkati mofanana pamene zikuyang'anira kutentha kuti zitsimikizire kuti sizikupitirira malire ofunikira a 110°C (230°F). Chofunika kwambiri, ma induction heater amakono amachotsa maginito a bearing kumapeto kwa nthawi yotenthetsera kufika pa 2 A/cm; kulephera kuchotsa maginito a bearing kudzapangitsa kuti ikope tinthu ta ferrous clocking panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti abrasive clocking ikule kwambiri.mabearing ozungulira ozunguliraZoyikidwa pa mipata yopapatiza, mtedza wa hydraulic ndi njira yoyendetsera mmwamba ya axial zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya hydraulic kuyendetsa chogwiriracho pamwamba pa chotchinga, kuchepetsa malo olowera mkati mwa chotchingacho pogwiritsa ntchito miyeso yeniyeni ya micrometer kuti zigwirizane bwino.

Kuwongolera mphamvu ndi kuwonongeka kwa kukhazikitsa

Kumangirira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu ndi kutseka njira zotsekera kumafuna kutsatira kwambiri malangizo a torque. Kumangirira kosafanana kwa mizere yogawanika ya nyumba kapena zophimba kumapeto kumatha kusokoneza mphete yakunja ya bearing, ndikupanga malo opindika omwe amakanikiza zinthu zozungulira pamene zikudutsa m'dera lonyamula katundu. Akatswiri ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawotchi opindika okhazikika ndikutsatira njira yomangira ya nyenyezi kuti atsimikizire mphamvu yofanana yomangira.

Kuwonongeka kwa kuyika kumaphatikizaponso zochitika zodzaza ndi zinthu zosakhazikika pamene makinawo sakugwira ntchito. Kunyamula makina olemera kudzera pa njanji kapena galimoto popanda kutseka bwino rotor kungapangitse kuti ma bearing osakhazikika azigwedezeka kwambiri. Chochitika ichi, chomwe chimadziwika kuti false brinelling, chimayambitsa zizindikiro zobisika za microscopic fretting pamalo enieni a zinthu zozungulira chifukwa chosakhala ndi filimu yoteteza ya hydrodynamic panthawi ya kugwedezeka kosasinthasintha. Kuti tipewe izi, ma rotor olemera matani angapo ayenera kutsekedwa bwino, kapena ma bearing ayenera kuyikidwa pansi pa axial preload yolemera panthawi yoyenda kuti apewe kuyenda pang'ono.

Pulogalamu Yopewera Kulephera kwa Bearing

Kusintha malo kuchoka pa njira yoyambira yoyambira mpaka yolephera kupita ku njira yokonzekera zinthu (PdM) ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera ku nthawi yopuma yokhudzana ndi ma bearing. Pulogalamu yovomerezeka yoletsa kulephera kwa ma bearing imaphatikiza ukadaulo wowunikira momwe zinthu zilili, kusanthula kolimba kwa kulephera, komanso kasamalidwe ka moyo wotsatira deta.

Phindu la ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapulogalamu otere ndi lalikulu. Deta yodalirika ya mafakitale ikuwonetsa kuti kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yonse ya PdM kungachepetse ndalama zonse zokonzera ndi 25% mpaka 30%, kuchotsa mpaka 75% ya kuwonongeka kosayembekezereka, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yapakati pakati pa kulephera (MTBF) kwa zinthu zofunika kuzungulira ndi zaka.

Kutsata kugwedezeka ndi kutentha komwe kumachitika

Kuyang'anira mosalekeza kapena motsatira njira ndiye chida chachikulu chodziwira matenda mu pulogalamu yopewera. Kusanthula kugwedezeka, makamaka kuphimba kapena kuchotsera ma frequency ambiri, kumalola akatswiri kuti apeze ma frequency enieni a chimbalangondo. Chimbalangondo chilichonse chili ndi ma frequency apadera olakwika kutengera mawonekedwe ake: Ball Pass Frequency Outer (BPFO), Ball Pass Frequency Inner (BPFI), Ball Spin Frequency (BSF), ndi Fundamental Train Frequency (FTF). Kuzindikira peak pa BPFO, mwachitsanzo, kumatsimikizira cholakwika pamsewu wakunja.

Kukhazikitsa malire olondola a alamu ndikofunikira kwambiri pa deta yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mabizinesi ambiri amaika alamu ya Alert pa kuwonjezeka kawiri kuposa kukula kwa kugwedezeka koyambira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyang'aniridwa bwino ndikuwunika mafuta. Alamu ya Fault kapena Action imayambitsidwa pa kuwonjezeka kwa 3x mpaka 4x (monga, kulumpha kuchokera pa 2.0 mm/s mpaka 8.0 mm/s RMS), zomwe zikusonyeza kufunika kokonza nthawi yomweyo. Thermography imawonjezera deta ya kugwedezeka; ma infrared scans a nyumba zonyamula katundu amatha kuzindikira mwachangu zinthu zomwe zikugwira ntchito kunja kwa ma envelopu awo opangidwa ndi ma thermal, kuwonetsa kuti mafuta akhoza kupitirira muyeso, mafuta osakwanira, kapena mavuto osagwirizana ndi makina asanawonongeke.

Kuyang'ana mawonekedwe a kuvala ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Pamene chogwirira chachotsedwa pa ntchito, sichiyenera kutayidwa mwachangu.kusanthula chifukwa chachikulu cholephera(RCFA) pa gawo lowonongeka ndi lofunikira popewa kulephera mobwerezabwereza. Muyezo wa ISO 15243 umapereka dongosolo lonse logawa kuwonongeka kwa mabearen ndi mawonekedwe owonongeka, kugawa kulephera m'magulu monga kutopa, kukalamba, dzimbiri, kukokoloka kwa magetsi, kusintha kwa pulasitiki, ndi ming'alu.

Kuyang'ana njira ya malo olemerera mkati mwa bearing kumapereka zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zokhudza momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito. Njira yabwinobwino yolemerera pa bearing yozama yodzaza ndi radially imapitirira pang'ono madigiri 180 kuzungulira mphete yakunja yosasuntha. Ngati kuwunikako kukuwonetsa njira yolemerera yomwe yapotoka kwambiri kumbali imodzi, kumasonyeza kusalingana kwakukulu kwa angular. Ngati njira yolemererayo ikukhudza madigiri 360 onse a mphete yakunja, bearing inali kugwira ntchito pansi pa preload yamkati yayikulu kapena malo olimba. Kuyang'ana kwa microscopic kumatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa kusweka kwa abrasive (malo opanda kanthu, oundana chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono) ndi kusweka kwa zomatira (kupaka ndi kusamutsa zitsulo chifukwa cha makulidwe osakwanira a filimu yolemerera).

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Yang'anirani kugwedezeka, kutentha, ultrasound, ndi momwe mafuta alili kuti muwone zolakwika pa nthawi ya PF musanachite bwino.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mtundu woyenera wa mafuta odzola, kuchuluka kwake, ndi nthawi yowonjezerera mafuta chifukwa mavuto a mafuta odzola ndi njira imodzi yachangu kwambiri yowonongera mabenchi msanga.
• Pewani kuipitsidwa ndi zomangira zoyenera, kuzigwiritsa ntchito bwino, ndi kusungira bwino chifukwa dothi, chinyezi, ndi zinyalala zimatha kuwononga misewu yothamangirako ndi zinthu zozungulira.
• Tsatirani njira zoyenera zoyikira ndi kuyika bwino zinthu kuti mupewe kusungunuka kwa madzi, kugawa katundu mosagwirizana, kupsinjika kwa shaft, komanso kutopa msanga.
• Sankhani ma bearing kutengera katundu weniweni, liwiro, malo, ndi zofunikira zolondola m'malo mwa kukula kokha kuti muwongolere moyo wautumiki ndi kudalirika.
• Chitani ngati kutentha kwa nyumba kukukwera kuposa momwe zinalili kale komanso momwe zinthu zikugwedera zomwe zikuyandikira malire a alamu ngati zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kukonza, osati kusintha pang'ono kwa ntchito.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi zifukwa zofala kwambiri za kulephera kwa mabere ndi ziti?

Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi monga mafuta osakwanira, kuipitsidwa, kuyika kosayenera, kusakhazikika bwino, katundu wochuluka, komanso kusankha ma bearing osayenerera kugwiritsa ntchito.

Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati bearing yayamba kulephera?

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zochenjeza zimaphatikizapo kugwedezeka kwakukulu, phokoso losazolowereka, kusungunuka kwa kutentha, kusintha kwa mtundu wa mafuta, kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a makina, ndi kutulutsa kwa ultrasound kuwonongeka kooneka kusanachitike.

N’chifukwa chiyani ma bearing ambiri amalephera asanafike pa nthawi yawo yovomerezeka?

Ngakhale kuti ma bearing ambiri amapangidwa kuti azitha kutopa kwa L10 kwa nthawi yayitali, kulephera msanga nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu monga kuipitsidwa, kudzaza kwambiri, mafuta osakwanira, kapena zolakwika pakuyika.

Kodi ma bearing ayenera kupakidwa mafuta kangati?

Nthawi yothira mafuta imadalira mtundu wa bere, liwiro, katundu, kutentha, ndi malo. Tsatirani malangizo a wopanga ndikusintha kutengera kuyang'anira momwe zinthu zilili, kusanthula mafuta, ndi kuuma kwa ntchito.

Kodi kusankha bwino kwa bere kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kulephera?

Inde. Kusankha mtundu woyenera wa bearing, kuchuluka kwa katundu, zinthu, kuchotsera, ndi kapangidwe kotseka kumathandiza kufananiza bearing ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kosayembekezereka.